Title : 3D Single Surface Spiral Galaxy
Author : Krischan
Posted : 1+ years ago
Description : I've been playing around with single surface techniques and this is the result. A nice procedural galaxy in 3D - "only" 24.000 stars visible but you can increase the number to the vertex/surface limit of a mesh, if your CPU/GFX card can handle it. The galaxy itself is being generated using a customized <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean_spiral" target="_blank">archimedean spiral</a> algorithm. You can play around with the constant parameters, by default it looks Andromeda-like, for example: our own Milkyway has only two arms. The number of stars spread over the whole galaxy, so even lower numbers show the shape (but with less detail).
The single surface technique used here creates virtual "quads" with 4 vertices each and uses two tformvector commands to align the vertices representing a virtual quad to the cam. There is only one entity (the galaxy) with one or more surfaces (max. 32000 vertices=32000/4=8000 stars/quads per surface). The star texture is generated procedurally on the fly.
Steering: Arrows and mouse, but you won't notice any movement until you press one (fast) or both (very fast) mousebuttons. If you encounter a star field you should release both buttons and use only one button for faster travel to "visit" single stars until a certain distance.
(//blitzbasic.christianhart.de/bb/galaxy/3dgalaxy)
Code :
Graphics3D 800,600,32,2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()
Const TurnSpeed# = 4.000 ; cam turn speed
Const RollSpeed# = 0.500 ; cam roll speed
Const CameraSpeed# = 0.005 ; cam move speed
Const Stars% = 24000 ; number of stars
Const Spiralarms% = 4 ; number of spiral arms
Const Spread# = 20.0 ; star spread
Const Rotation# = 4.0 ; how many spiral rotations
Const Range# = 100.0 ; milkyway radius
Global WIDTH%=GraphicsWidth()
Global HEIGHT%=GraphicsHeight()
Global TIMER%=CreateTimer(60)
Global Scale#=WIDTH/3.0 ; star scale
Global total%,vis%
Local cam%,galaxy%,tex%
Type quad
Field surf%
Field x#,y#,z#
Field v%
Field scale#
Field r%,g%,b%
End Type
; init galaxy
galaxy=InitGalaxy(Stars,Spiralarms,Spread,Rotation,Range)
EntityFX galaxy,1+2
EntityBlend galaxy,3
tex=CreateSunTexture(256,128,128,128)
TextureBlend tex,3
EntityTexture galaxy,tex
; init camera
cam=CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam,0.1,1000
PositionEntity cam,0,90,150
PointEntity cam,galaxy
MoveMouse WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2
; main loop
While Not KeyHit(1)
Local ms%,me%
Movement(cam)
ms=MilliSecs()
UpdateGalaxy(cam,Scale)
me=MilliSecs()-ms
RenderWorld
WaitTimer TIMER
AppTitle vis+" Stars visible ["+total+" Stars total] "+me+"ms"
Flip 0
Wend
End
; update quads in single surface mesh
Function UpdateGalaxy(cam%,scale#=256.0)
Local cx#=EntityX(cam)
Local cy#=EntityY(cam)
Local cz#=EntityZ(cam)
Local q.quad,d#,s#
total=0
vis=0
For q.quad = Each quad
; check if star is visible
TFormPoint qx,qy,qz,0,cam
; in front of cam?
If TFormedZ()>0 Then
; adaptive size
d#=Distance3D(qx,qy,qz,cx,cy,cz)
s#=(qscale/d)+(d/scale)
If s<d/scale Then s=d/scale
; align single surface quads to cam
UpdateQuad(q.quad,s,cam)
vis=vis+1
EndIf
total=total+1
Next
End Function
; create galaxy
Function InitGalaxy%(stars%=10000,arms%=4,spread#=40.0,rot#=2.0,range#=100.0)
Local mesh%=CreateMesh()
Local surf%=CreateSurface(mesh)
Local q.quad
Local angle#,dist#,turb#
Local i%,col#,multi#,lum#,bulge%,counter%
For i=1 To stars
q.quad = New quad
; color
col=Rnd(1)
If col>0.90 And col<=1.00 Then q=255 : qg= 0 : q= 0
If col>0.70 And col<=0.90 Then q=255 : qg=255 : q= 0
If col>0.50 And col<=0.70 Then q= 0 : qg= 0 : q=255
If col>0.00 And col<=0.50 Then q=255 : qg=255 : q=255
; angle
angle=Int(Floor(i*1.0/(stars/arms)))*(360.0/arms)
; center / arm relation
If Rnd(1)>0.5 Then multi=Rnd(0.1,1) Else multi=Rnd(1,2)
; distance and turbulence
dist=Rnd(0,range)*Rnd(1,Rnd(Rnd(multi)))
turb=Rnd(0,Rnd(spread)) : If Rnd(1)>0.5 Then turb=-turb
; more red/yellow stars in bulge
lum=Rnd(1)
If dist<range/2*lum Then
If lum>0.75 Then
q=255 : qg=0 : q=0 ; red stars
Else If lum>0.5 Then
q=255 : qg=255 : q=0 ; yellow stars
EndIf
Else
If lum>0.75 Then
q=0 : qg=0 : q=255 ; blue stars
Else If lum>0.5 Then
q=255 : qg=255 : q=255 ; white stars
EndIf
EndIf
; star position x/z
qx=dist*Cos(angle+(dist*rot))+Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-spread)),Rnd(Rnd(spread)))
qz=dist*Sin(angle+(dist*rot))+Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-spread)),Rnd(Rnd(spread)))
; star position y
bulge=Normalize(Distance2D(qx,qz,0,0),0,range/2.0,0,180)/2.0
If bulge>90 Then bulge=90
qy=(Cos(bulge)*Rnd(Rnd(-spread),Rnd(spread))/2.0)+(turb/10.0)
; scale
qscale=Rnd(0.01,Rnd(0.02,Rnd(0.04,0.08)))
; create new surface if too many vertices
If counter+4>32000 Then surf=CreateSurface(mesh) : counter=0
qsurf=surf
; add vertices
qv=AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,0,0)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,1,0)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,1,1)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,0,1)
; color vertices
VertexColor qsurf,qv,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+1,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+2,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+3,q,qg,q
; add triangles
AddTriangle(qsurf,qv,qv+1,qv+2)
AddTriangle(qsurf,qv,qv+2,qv+3)
; vertex counter
counter=counter+4
Next
Return mesh
End Function
; align single surface quad to cam
Function UpdateQuad(q.quad,s#,target%)
Local x1#,y1#,z1#,x2#,y2#,z2#
TFormVector -s,0,0,target,0
x1=TFormedX()
y1=TFormedY()
z1=TFormedZ()
TFormVector 0,-s,0,target,0
x2=TFormedX()
y2=TFormedY()
z2=TFormedZ()
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+0,qx-x1-x2,qy-y1-y2,qz-z1-z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+1,qx-x1+x2,qy-y1+y2,qz-z1+z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+2,qx+x1+x2,qy+y1+y2,qz+z1+z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+3,qx+x1-x2,qy+y1-y2,qz+z1-z2
End Function
; calculate 2D Distance
Function Distance2D#(x1#,y1#,x2#,y2#)
Local x#=x1-x2
Local y#=y1-y2
Return Sqr((x*x)+(y*y))
End Function
; calucate 3D Distance
Function Distance3D#(x1#,y1#,z1#,x2#,y2#,z2#)
Local x#=x1-x2
Local y#=y1-y2
Local z#=z1-z2
Return Sqr((x*x)+(y*y)+(z*z))
End Function
; normalize a value
Function Normalize#(value#=128.0,vmin#=0.0,vmax#=255.0,nmin#=0.0,nmax#=1.0)
Return ((value#-vmin#)/(vmax#-vmin#))*(nmax#-nmin#)+nmin#
End Function
; camera movement
Function Movement(cam%,sensitivity#=1.0)
Local roll#,cz#,tx#,ty#,multi%=1
; arrows = move / LMB = Turbo / RMB = Lightspeed / LMB+RMB = incredible speed
cz=(KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208))*CameraSpeed
roll=(KeyDown(203)-KeyDown(205))*RollSpeed
If MouseDown(1) Then multi=10
If MouseDown(2) Then multi=multi*10
tx=Normalize(MouseX(),0,WIDTH , 1,-1)
ty=Normalize(MouseY(),0,HEIGHT,-1, 1)
If ty<0 Then ty=(Abs(ty)^sensitivity)*-1 Else ty=ty^sensitivity
If tx<0 Then tx=(Abs(tx)^sensitivity)*-1 Else tx=tx^sensitivity
TurnEntity cam,ty*TurnSpeed,tx*TurnSpeed,roll*TurnSpeed
MoveEntity cam,0,0,cz*multi
End Function
; create a stunning sun texture
Function CreateSunTexture(size%=512,r%=255,g%=255,b%=255)
Local tex%=CreateTexture(size,size,3)
Local tb%=TextureBuffer(tex)
Local i#,j%,col%,rgb%
Local x%,y%,xx%,yy%
Local a%
LockBuffer tb
For j=0 To (size/2)-1
col=255-Normalize(j,0,(size/2.0)-1,0,255)
If col>255 Then col=255
rgb=col*$1000000+col*$10000+col*$100+col
For i=0 To 360 Step 0.05
WritePixelFast (size/2)+(Sin(i)*j),(size/2)+(Cos(i)*j),rgb,tb
Next
Next
UnlockBuffer tb
; temp camera
Local tempcam%=CreateCamera()
CameraRange tempcam,1,WIDTH*2
; temp pivot
Local tempsun%=CreatePivot()
; create 4 layers
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/4.0,tex,3,1+8+16,r*1.00,g*1.00,b*1.00,1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.5,tex,3,1+8+16,r*1.00,g*1.00,b*1.00,1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.2,tex,3,1+8+16,r*0.75,g*0.75,b*0.50,0.75)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.0,tex,3,1+8+16,r*0.50,g*0.50,b*0.50,0.50)
PositionEntity tempsun,0,0,WIDTH
; render it
RenderWorld
; delete pivot
FreeEntity tempsun
LockBuffer BackBuffer()
LockBuffer tb
; grab image
For x=0 To size-1
For y=0 To size-1
xx=(WIDTH/2)-(size/2)+x
yy=(HEIGHT/2)-(size/2)+y
rgb=ReadPixelFast(xx,yy,BackBuffer())
r=(rgb And $ff0000)/$10000
g=(rgb And $ff00)/$100
b=(rgb And $ff)
a=255
; alpha
If (r+g+b)/3 < 32 Then a=Normalize((r+g+b)/3,0,32,0,255)
; rgb
rgb=(r+g+b)/3*$1000000+r*$10000+g*$100+b
WritePixelFast x,y,rgb,tb
Next
Next
UnlockBuffer tb
UnlockBuffer BackBuffer()
RenderWorld
; delete temp cam
FreeEntity tempcam
Return tex
End Function
; advanced quad creation
Function CreateQuad(parent%=False,scale#=1.0,tex%=False,blend%=False,fx%=False,r%=255,g%=255,b%=255,a#=1.0)
Local mesh%=CreateMesh()
Local surf%=CreateSurface(mesh)
Local v0%=AddVertex(surf, 1, 1,0,0,0)
Local v1%=AddVertex(surf,-1, 1,0,1,0)
Local v2%=AddVertex(surf,-1,-1,0,1,1)
Local v3%=AddVertex(surf, 1,-1,0,0,1)
AddTriangle surf,v0,v1,v2
AddTriangle surf,v0,v2,v3
If parent Then EntityParent mesh,parent
If fx Then EntityFX mesh,fx
If tex Then EntityTexture mesh,tex
If blend Then EntityBlend mesh,blend
EntityColor mesh,r,g,b
EntityAlpha mesh,a
VertexColor surf,v0,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v1,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v2,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v3,r,g,b,a
ScaleEntity mesh,scale,scale,scale
Return mesh
End Function
Comments :
MCP(Posted 1+ years ago)
Another great entry for the code archives Krischan. Well done! :)
Krischan(Posted 1+ years ago)
Well I am unhappy with it. I tried to create billions of stars... 24000 is ridiculous ;-)
Krischan(Posted 1+ years ago)
Well, at least with some quick and dirty optimizations it is now possible to show at least 240000 stars with a decent FPS rate here. Looks nicer now:(//blitzbasic.christianhart.de/bb/galaxy/galaxytop)Graphics3D 800,600,32,2
SetBuffer BackBuffer()
Const TurnSpeed# = 4.000 ; cam turn speed
Const RollSpeed# = 0.500 ; cam roll speed
Const CameraSpeed# = 0.005 ; cam move speed
Const Stars% = 240000 ; number of stars
Const Spiralarms% = 4 ; number of spiral arms
Const Spread# = 20.0 ; star spread
Const Rotation# = 4.0 ; how many spiral rotations
Const Range# = 100.0 ; milkyway radius
Global WIDTH%=GraphicsWidth()
Global HEIGHT%=GraphicsHeight()
Global TIMER%=CreateTimer(60)
Global Scale#=WIDTH/3.0 ; star scale
Global meshes%[256]
Global total%,vis%
Local cam%,galaxy%,tex%
Type quad
Field surf%
Field x#,y#,z#
Field v%
Field scale#
Field r%,g%,b%
Field lastdist#
End Type
tex=CreateSunTexture(256,128,128,128)
TextureBlend tex,3
; init galaxy
galaxy=InitGalaxy(Stars,Spiralarms,Spread,Rotation,Range)
For i=0 To galaxy
If meshes[i]>0 Then
EntityFX meshes[i],1+2
EntityBlend meshes[i],3
EntityTexture meshes[i],tex
EndIf
Next
; init camera
cam=CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam,0.1,1000
PositionEntity cam,0,90,150
PointEntity cam,meshes[0]
; update galaxy once
Local cx#=EntityX(cam)
Local cy#=EntityY(cam)
Local cz#=EntityZ(cam)
Local q.quad,d#,s#
For q.quad = Each quad
; adaptive size
d=Distance3D(qx,qy,qz,cx,cy,cz)
s=(qscale/d)+(d/Scale)
If s<d/Scale Then s=d/Scale
; align single surface quads to cam
UpdateQuad(q.quad,s,cam)
qlastdist=d
Next
MoveMouse WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2
; main loop
While Not KeyHit(1)
Local ms%,me%
Movement(cam)
ms=MilliSecs()
i=i+1 : If i>=10 Then i=0
UpdateGalaxy(cam,Scale,i)
me=MilliSecs()-ms
RenderWorld
WaitTimer TIMER
AppTitle vis+" Stars updated ["+total+" Stars total] "+me+"ms"
Flip 0
Wend
End
; update quads in single surface mesh
Function UpdateGalaxy(cam%,scale#=256.0,part%)
Local cx#=EntityX(cam)
Local cy#=EntityY(cam)
Local cz#=EntityZ(cam)
Local q.quad,d#,s#,steps%,i%,start%,ende%
total=0
vis=0
steps=Stars/10
For q.quad = Each quad
; set start and end
start=part*steps
ende=(part+1)*steps
; check only current part or nearby stars
If i>=start And i<ende Or qlastdist<5 Then
TFormPoint qx,qy,qz,0,cam
; in front of cam?
If TFormedZ()>0 Then
; adaptive size
d#=Distance3D(qx,qy,qz,cx,cy,cz)
s#=(qscale/d)+(d/scale)
If s<d/scale Then s=d/scale
; store last distance calculation
qlastdist=d
; align single surface quads to cam
UpdateQuad(q.quad,s,cam)
vis=vis+1
EndIf
EndIf
i=i+1
total=total+1
Next
End Function
; create galaxy
Function InitGalaxy%(stars%=10000,arms%=4,spread#=40.0,rot#=2.0,range#=100.0)
Local mesh%=CreateMesh()
Local surf%=CreateSurface(mesh)
Local q.quad
Local angle#,dist#,turb#
Local i%,col#,multi#,lum#,bulge%,counter%,surfs%=1,m%=0
meshes[0]=mesh
For i=1 To stars
q.quad = New quad
; color
col=Rnd(1)
If col>0.90 And col<=1.00 Then q=255 : qg= 0 : q= 0
If col>0.70 And col<=0.90 Then q=255 : qg=255 : q= 0
If col>0.50 And col<=0.70 Then q= 0 : qg= 0 : q=255
If col>0.00 And col<=0.50 Then q=255 : qg=255 : q=255
; angle
angle=Int(Floor(i*1.0/(stars/arms)))*(360.0/arms)
; center / arm relation
If Rnd(1)>0.5 Then multi=Rnd(0.1,1) Else multi=Rnd(1,2)
; distance and turbulence
dist=Rnd(0,range)*Rnd(1,Rnd(Rnd(multi)))
turb=Rnd(0,Rnd(spread)) : If Rnd(1)>0.5 Then turb=-turb
; more red/yellow stars in bulge
lum=Rnd(1)
If dist<range/2*lum Then
If lum>0.75 Then
q=255 : qg=0 : q=0 ; red stars
Else If lum>0.5 Then
q=255 : qg=255 : q=0 ; yellow stars
EndIf
Else
If lum>0.75 Then
q=0 : qg=0 : q=255 ; blue stars
Else If lum>0.5 Then
q=255 : qg=255 : q=255 ; white stars
EndIf
EndIf
; star position x/z
qx=dist*Cos(angle+(dist*rot))+Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-spread)),Rnd(Rnd(spread)))
qz=dist*Sin(angle+(dist*rot))+Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-spread)),Rnd(Rnd(spread)))
; star position y
bulge=Normalize(Distance2D(qx,qz,0,0),0,range/2.0,0,180)/2.0
If bulge>90 Then bulge=90
qy=(Cos(bulge)*Rnd(Rnd(-spread),Rnd(spread))/2.0)+(turb/10.0)
; scale
qscale=Rnd(0.01,Rnd(0.02,Rnd(0.04,0.08)))
; create new surface if too many vertices
If counter+4>32000 Then
If surfs+1>3 Then
m=m+1
mesh=CreateMesh()
meshes[m]=mesh
surfs=0
EndIf
surf=CreateSurface(mesh)
counter=0
surfs=surfs+1
EndIf
qsurf=surf
; add vertices
qv=AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,0,0)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,1,0)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,1,1)
AddVertex(qsurf,0,0,0,0,1)
; color vertices
VertexColor qsurf,qv,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+1,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+2,q,qg,q
VertexColor qsurf,qv+3,q,qg,q
; add triangles
AddTriangle(qsurf,qv,qv+1,qv+2)
AddTriangle(qsurf,qv,qv+2,qv+3)
; vertex counter
counter=counter+4
Next
DebugLog m
Return m
End Function
; align single surface quad to cam
Function UpdateQuad(q.quad,s#,target%)
Local x1#,y1#,z1#,x2#,y2#,z2#
TFormVector -s,0,0,target,0
x1=TFormedX()
y1=TFormedY()
z1=TFormedZ()
TFormVector 0,-s,0,target,0
x2=TFormedX()
y2=TFormedY()
z2=TFormedZ()
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+0,qx-x1-x2,qy-y1-y2,qz-z1-z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+1,qx-x1+x2,qy-y1+y2,qz-z1+z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+2,qx+x1+x2,qy+y1+y2,qz+z1+z2
VertexCoords qsurf,qv+3,qx+x1-x2,qy+y1-y2,qz+z1-z2
End Function
; calculate 2D Distance
Function Distance2D#(x1#,y1#,x2#,y2#)
Local x#=x1-x2
Local y#=y1-y2
Return Sqr((x*x)+(y*y))
End Function
; calucate 3D Distance
Function Distance3D#(x1#,y1#,z1#,x2#,y2#,z2#)
Local x#=x1-x2
Local y#=y1-y2
Local z#=z1-z2
Return Sqr((x*x)+(y*y)+(z*z))
End Function
; normalize a value
Function Normalize#(value#=128.0,vmin#=0.0,vmax#=255.0,nmin#=0.0,nmax#=1.0)
Return ((value#-vmin#)/(vmax#-vmin#))*(nmax#-nmin#)+nmin#
End Function
; camera movement
Function Movement(cam%,sensitivity#=1.0)
Local roll#,cz#,tx#,ty#,multi%=1
; arrows = move / LMB = Turbo / RMB = Lightspeed / LMB+RMB = incredible speed
cz=(KeyDown(200)-KeyDown(208))*CameraSpeed
roll=(KeyDown(203)-KeyDown(205))*RollSpeed
If MouseDown(1) Then multi=10
If MouseDown(2) Then multi=multi*10
tx=Normalize(MouseX(),0,WIDTH , 1,-1)
ty=Normalize(MouseY(),0,HEIGHT,-1, 1)
If ty<0 Then ty=(Abs(ty)^sensitivity)*-1 Else ty=ty^sensitivity
If tx<0 Then tx=(Abs(tx)^sensitivity)*-1 Else tx=tx^sensitivity
TurnEntity cam,ty*TurnSpeed,tx*TurnSpeed,roll*TurnSpeed
MoveEntity cam,0,0,cz*multi
End Function
; create a stunning sun texture
Function CreateSunTexture(size%=512,r%=255,g%=255,b%=255)
Local tex%=CreateTexture(size,size,3)
Local tb%=TextureBuffer(tex)
Local i#,j%,col%,rgb%
Local x%,y%,xx%,yy%
Local a%
LockBuffer tb
For j=0 To (size/2)-1
col=255-Normalize(j,0,(size/2.0)-1,0,255)
If col>255 Then col=255
rgb=col*$1000000+col*$10000+col*$100+col
For i=0 To 360 Step 0.05
WritePixelFast (size/2)+(Sin(i)*j),(size/2)+(Cos(i)*j),rgb,tb
Next
Next
UnlockBuffer tb
; temp camera
Local tempcam%=CreateCamera()
CameraRange tempcam,1,WIDTH*2
; temp pivot
Local tempsun%=CreatePivot()
; create 4 layers
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/4.0,tex,3,1+8+16,r*1.00,g*1.00,b*1.00,1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.5,tex,3,1+8+16,r*1.00,g*1.00,b*1.00,1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.2,tex,3,1+8+16,r*0.75,g*0.75,b*0.50,0.75)
CreateQuad(tempsun,size/1.0,tex,3,1+8+16,r*0.50,g*0.50,b*0.50,0.50)
PositionEntity tempsun,0,0,WIDTH
; render it
RenderWorld
; delete pivot
FreeEntity tempsun
LockBuffer BackBuffer()
LockBuffer tb
; grab image
For x=0 To size-1
For y=0 To size-1
xx=(WIDTH/2)-(size/2)+x
yy=(HEIGHT/2)-(size/2)+y
rgb=ReadPixelFast(xx,yy,BackBuffer())
r=(rgb And $ff0000)/$10000
g=(rgb And $ff00)/$100
b=(rgb And $ff)
a=255
; alpha
If (r+g+b)/3 < 32 Then a=Normalize((r+g+b)/3,0,32,0,255)
; rgb
rgb=(r+g+b)/3*$1000000+r*$10000+g*$100+b
WritePixelFast x,y,rgb,tb
Next
Next
UnlockBuffer tb
UnlockBuffer BackBuffer()
RenderWorld
; delete temp cam
FreeEntity tempcam
Return tex
End Function
; advanced quad creation
Function CreateQuad(parent%=False,scale#=1.0,tex%=False,blend%=False,fx%=False,r%=255,g%=255,b%=255,a#=1.0)
Local mesh%=CreateMesh()
Local surf%=CreateSurface(mesh)
Local v0%=AddVertex(surf, 1, 1,0,0,0)
Local v1%=AddVertex(surf,-1, 1,0,1,0)
Local v2%=AddVertex(surf,-1,-1,0,1,1)
Local v3%=AddVertex(surf, 1,-1,0,0,1)
AddTriangle surf,v0,v1,v2
AddTriangle surf,v0,v2,v3
If parent Then EntityParent mesh,parent
If fx Then EntityFX mesh,fx
If tex Then EntityTexture mesh,tex
If blend Then EntityBlend mesh,blend
EntityColor mesh,r,g,b
EntityAlpha mesh,a
VertexColor surf,v0,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v1,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v2,r,g,b,a
VertexColor surf,v3,r,g,b,a
ScaleEntity mesh,scale,scale,scale
Return mesh
End Function
ZJP(Posted 1+ years ago)
Nice....again :)JP
ClayPigeon(Posted 1+ years ago)
Awesome! I can't fathom how you managed to get that many stars on at once. I thought they were just points until I zoomed in. Nice work!PS: Where's the black hole? :D
_PJ_(Posted 1+ years ago)
The mathematics here don't seem right at all... maybe I'm, just not following it properly, but what's this for? If bulge>90 Then bulge=90
qy=(Cos(bulge)*Rnd(Rnd(-spread),Rnd(spread))/2.0)+(turb/10.0)I assumed this was to effectively give a greater density of stars around the central region of the galaxy, but it's way off the mark.
Krischan(Posted 1+ years ago)
To test the power of minib3d I ported this to Blitzmax - unfortunately I couldn't rearrange it to be superstrict. But it runs faster than in Blitz3D (on my old laptop 26FPS in minib3d and 21FPS in Blitz3D!). A general problem is the lack of some kind of quad/octree optimization to minimize CPU calculations as minib3d could handle at least a million of stars easy - which would look very impressive then.Moving is with mouse/arrows while LMB speeds up 10x and LMB+RMB speeds up 100 times, which is recommended in the start position (you can slow down in the bulge/arms)Import sidesign.minib3d
Graphics3D 800, 600, 32, 2
ClearTextureFilters()
Const TurnSpeed:Float = 4.00
Const RollSpeed:Float = 0.50
Const CameraSpeed:Float = 0.01
Const Stars:Int = 250000 ' number of stars
Const Spiralarms:Int = 4 ' number of spiral arms
Const Spread:Float = 20.0 ' star spread
Const Rotation:Float = 4.0 ' how many spiral rotations
Const Range:Float = 100.0 ' milkyway radius
Const QuatToEulerAccuracy:Double = 0.00001
Global WIDTH:Int = GraphicsWidth()
Global HEIGHT:Int = GraphicsHeight()
Global TIMER:TTimer = CreateTimer(60)
Global Scale:Float = WIDTH / 3.0 ' star scale
Global meshes:Int[256]
Global total:Int, vis:Int
Local cam:TCamera, galaxy:Int, tex:TTexture, i:Int, g:Int
Type quad
Global List:TList = CreateList()
Method New()
ListAddLast(List, Self)
End Method
Field surf:Int
Field x:Float, y:Float, z:Float
Field v:Int
Field scale:Float
Field r:Int, g:Int, b:Int
Field lastdist:Float
End Type
tex = CreateSunTexture(256, 128, 128, 128)
TextureBlend tex, 3
' init galaxy
galaxy = InitGalaxy(Stars, Spiralarms, Spread, Rotation, Range)
For i = 0 To galaxy
If meshes[i] > 0 Then
EntityFX meshes[i], 1 + 2
EntityBlend meshes[i], 3
EntityTexture meshes[i], tex
EndIf
Next
' init camera
cam = CreateCamera()
CameraRange cam, 0.1, 1000
PositionEntity cam, 0, 90, 150
PointEntity cam, meshes[0]
' update galaxy once
Local cx:Float = EntityX(cam)
Local cy:Float = EntityY(cam)
Local cz:Float = EntityZ(cam)
Local q:quad, d:Float, s:Float
For q:quad = EachIn quad.List
' adaptive size
d = Distance3D(q.x, q.y, q.z, cx, cy, cz)
s = (q.Scale / d) + (d / Scale)
If s < d / Scale Then s = d / Scale
' align single surface quads to cam
UpdateQuad(q:quad, s, cam)
q.lastdist = d
Next
MoveMouse WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2
' main loop
While Not AppTerminate()
Cls
' Escape = Terminate
If KeyHit(KEY_ESCAPE) Then End
Movement(cam, 1)
Local ms:Int, me:Int
ms = MilliSecs()
g = g + 1
If g >= 10 Then g = 0
UpdateGalaxy(cam, Scale, g)
me = MilliSecs() - ms
RenderWorld
WaitTimer TIMER
Text 0, 0, vis + " Stars updated [" + total + " Stars total] " + me + "ms"
Flip 0
Wend
End
Function Movement(cam:TCamera, sensitivity:Float = 1.0)
Local roll:Float, cz:Float, tx:Float, ty:Float, multi:Int = 1
cz = (KeyDown(KEY_UP) - KeyDown(KEY_DOWN)) * CameraSpeed
roll = (KeyDown(KEY_LEFT) - KeyDown(KEY_RIGHT)) * RollSpeed
If KeyDown(KEY_RSHIFT) Or MouseDown(1) Then multi = 10
If MouseDown(2) Then multi = multi * 10
tx = Normalize(MouseX(), 0, GraphicsWidth(), 1, -1)
ty = Normalize(MouseY(), 0, GraphicsHeight(), -1, 1)
If ty < 0 Then ty = (Abs(ty) ^ sensitivity) * -1 Else ty = ty ^ sensitivity
If tx < 0 Then tx = (Abs(tx) ^ sensitivity) * -1 Else tx = tx ^ sensitivity
TurnCam cam, ty * TurnSpeed, tx * TurnSpeed, roll * TurnSpeed
MoveEntity cam, 0, 0, cz * multi
End Function
' update quads in single surface mesh
Function UpdateGalaxy(cam:TEntity, scale:Float = 256.0, part:Int)
Local cx:Float = EntityX(cam)
Local cy:Float = EntityY(cam)
Local cz:Float = EntityZ(cam)
Local q:quad, d:Float, s:Float, steps:Int, i:Int, start:Int, ende:Int
total = 0
vis = 0
steps = Stars / 10
For q:quad = EachIn quad.List
' set start and end
start = part * steps
ende = (part + 1) * steps
' check only current part or nearby stars
If i >= start And i < ende Or q.lastdist < 5 Then
TFormPoint q.x, q.y, q.z, 0, cam
' in front of cam?
If TFormedZ() > 0 Then
' adaptive size
d:Float = Distance3D(q.x, q.y, q.z, cx, cy, cz)
s:Float = (q.Scale / d) + (d / Scale)
If s < d / Scale Then s = d / Scale
' store last distance calculation
q.lastdist = d
' align single surface quads To cam
UpdateQuad(q:quad, s, cam)
vis = vis + 1
EndIf
EndIf
i = i + 1
total = total + 1
Next
End Function
' Create galaxy
Function InitGalaxy:Int(stars:Int = 10000, arms:Int = 4, spread:Float = 40.0, rot:Float = 2.0, range:Float = 100.0)
Local mesh:TMesh = CreateMesh()
Local surf:TSurface = CreateSurface(mesh)
Local q:quad
Local angle:Float, dist:Float, turb:Float
Local i:Int, col:Float, multi:Float, lum:Float, bulge:Int, counter:Int, surfs:Int = 1, m:Int = 0
meshes[0] = mesh
For i = 1 To Stars
q:quad = New quad
' color
col = Rnd(1)
If col > 0.90 And col <= 1.00 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 0
q.b = 0
EndIf
If col > 0.70 And col <= 0.90 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 255
q.b = 0
EndIf
If col > 0.50 And col <= 0.70 Then
q.r = 0
q.g = 0
q.b = 255
EndIf
If col > 0.00 And col <= 0.50 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 255
q.b = 255
EndIf
' angle
angle = Int(Floor(i * 1.0 / (Stars / arms))) * (360.0 / arms)
' center / arm relation
If Rnd(1) > 0.5 Then
multi = Rnd(0.1, 1)
Else
multi = Rnd(1, 2)
EndIf
' distance And turbulence
dist = Rnd(0, Range) * Rnd(1, Rnd(Rnd(multi)))
turb = Rnd(0, Rnd(Spread))
If Rnd(1) > 0.5 Then turb = -turb
' more red/yellow Stars in bulge
lum = Rnd(1)
If dist < Range / 2 * lum Then
If lum > 0.75 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 0
q.b = 0 ' red Stars
Else If lum > 0.5 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 255
q.b = 0 ' yellow Stars
EndIf
Else
If lum > 0.75 Then
q.r = 0
q.g = 0
q.b = 255 ' blue Stars
Else If lum > 0.5 Then
q.r = 255
q.g = 255
q.b = 255 ' white Stars
EndIf
EndIf
' star position x/z
q.x = dist * Cos(angle + (dist * rot)) + Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-Spread)), Rnd(Rnd(Spread)))
q.z = dist * Sin(angle + (dist * rot)) + Rnd(Rnd(Rnd(-Spread)), Rnd(Rnd(Spread)))
' star position y
bulge = Normalize(Distance2D(q.x, q.z, 0, 0), 0, Range / 2.0, 0, 180) / 2.0
If bulge > 90 Then bulge = 90
q.y = (Cos(bulge) * Rnd(Rnd(-Spread), Rnd(Spread)) / 2.0) + (turb / 10.0)
' Scale
q.Scale = Rnd(0.01, Rnd(0.02, Rnd(0.04, 0.08)))
' Create New surface If too many vertices
If counter + 4 > 32000 Then
If surfs + 1 > 3 Then
m = m + 1
mesh = CreateMesh()
meshes[m] = mesh
surfs = 0
EndIf
surf = CreateSurface(mesh)
counter = 0
surfs = surfs + 1
EndIf
q.surf = surf
' add vertices
q.v = AddVertex(q.surf, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
AddVertex(q.surf, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0)
AddVertex(q.surf, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1)
AddVertex(q.surf, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1)
' color vertices
VertexColor q.surf, q.v + 0, q.r, q.g, q.b
VertexColor q.surf, q.v + 1, q.r, q.g, q.b
VertexColor q.surf, q.v + 2, q.r, q.g, q.b
VertexColor q.surf, q.v + 3, q.r, q.g, q.b
' add triangles
AddTriangle(q.surf, q.v, q.v + 1, q.v + 2)
AddTriangle(q.surf, q.v, q.v + 2, q.v + 3)
' vertex counter
counter = counter + 4
Next
Return m
End Function
' align single surface quad To cam
Function UpdateQuad(q:quad, s:Float, target:TEntity)
Local x1:Float, y1:Float, z1:Float, x2:Float, y2:Float, z2:Float
TFormVector - s, 0, 0, target, 0
x1 = TFormedX()
y1 = TFormedY()
z1 = TFormedZ()
TFormVector 0, -s, 0, target, 0
x2 = TFormedX()
y2 = TFormedY()
z2 = TFormedZ()
VertexCoords q.surf, q.v + 0, q.x - x1 - x2, q.y - y1 - y2, q.z - z1 - z2
VertexCoords q.surf, q.v + 1, q.x - x1 + x2, q.y - y1 + y2, q.z - z1 + z2
VertexCoords q.surf, q.v + 2, q.x + x1 + x2, q.y + y1 + y2, q.z + z1 + z2
VertexCoords q.surf, q.v + 3, q.x + x1 - x2, q.y + y1 - y2, q.z + z1 - z2
End Function
' calculate 2D Distance
Function Distance2D:Float(x1:Float, y1:Float, x2:Float, y2:Float)
Local x:Float = x1 - x2
Local y:Float = y1 - y2
Return Sqr((x * x) + (y * y))
End Function
' calucate 3D Distance
Function Distance3D:Float(x1:Float, y1:Float, z1:Float, x2:Float, y2:Float, z2:Float)
Local x:Float = x1 - x2
Local y:Float = y1 - y2
Local z:Float = z1 - z2
Return Sqr((x * x) + (y * y) + (z * z))
End Function
' Normalize a value
Function Normalize:Float(value:Float = 128.0, vmin:Float = 0.0, vmax:Float = 255.0, nmin:Float = 0.0, nmax:Float = 1.0)
Return ((value:Float - vmin:Float) / (vmax:Float - vmin:Float)) * (nmax:Float - nmin:Float) + nmin:Float
End Function
' Create a stunning sun texture
Function CreateSunTexture:TTexture(size:Int = 512, r:Int = 255, g:Int = 255, b:Int = 255)
Local i:Float, j:Int, col:Int, rgb:Int
Local tempcam:TCamera, tempsun:TPivot, tex:TTexture
Local pixmap:TPixmap = CreatePixmap(size, size, PF_RGBA8888)
Local source:TPixmap
For j = 0 To (size / 2) - 1
col = 255 - Normalize(j, 0, (size / 2.0) - 1, 0, 255)
If col > 255 Then col = 255
rgb = col * $1000000 + col * $10000 + col * $100 + col
For i = 0 To 360 Step 0.1
WritePixel(pixmap, (size / 2) + (Sin(i) * j), (size / 2) + (Cos(i) * j), rgb)
Next
Next
SavePixmapPNG(pixmap, "sun1.png")
tex = LoadTexture("sun1.png", 2)
' temp camera
tempcam = CreateCamera()
CameraRange tempcam, 1, WIDTH * 2
' temp pivot
tempsun = CreatePivot()
' Create 4 layers
CreateQuad(tempsun, size / 4.0, tex, 3, 1 + 8 + 16, r * 1.00, g * 1.00, b * 1.00, 1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun, size / 1.5, tex, 3, 1 + 8 + 16, r * 1.00, g * 1.00, b * 1.00, 1.00)
CreateQuad(tempsun, size / 1.2, tex, 3, 1 + 8 + 16, r * 0.75, g * 0.75, b * 0.50, 0.75)
CreateQuad(tempsun, size / 1.0, tex, 3, 1 + 8 + 16, r * 0.50, g * 0.50, b * 0.50, 0.50)
PositionEntity tempsun, 0, 0, WIDTH
' render it
RenderWorld
RenderWorld
source = GrabPixmap(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
' grab image
For x = 0 To size - 1
For y = 0 To size - 1
xx = (WIDTH / 2) - (size / 2) + x
yy = (HEIGHT / 2) - (size / 2) + y
rgb = ReadPixel(source, xx, yy)
r = (rgb & $ff0000) / $10000
g = (rgb & $ff00) / $100
b = (rgb & $ff)
' rgb
rgb = (r + g + b) / 3 * $1000000 + r * $10000 + g * $100 + b
WritePixel(pixmap, x, y, rgb)
Next
Next
SavePixmapPNG(pixmap, "sun2.png")
' Load texture
tex = LoadTexture("sun2.png", 2)
' Delete pivot and temp cam
FreeEntity tempsun
FreeEntity tempcam
Return tex
End Function
' advanced quad creation
Function CreateQuad:Tmesh(parent:TEntity, scale:Float = 1.0, tex:TTexture = Null, blend:Int = False, fx:Int = False, r:Int = 255, g:Int = 255, b:Int = 255, a:Float = 1.0)
Local mesh:TMesh = CreateMesh()
Local surf:TSurface = CreateSurface(mesh)
Local v0:Int, v1:Int, v2:Int, v3:Int
v0 = AddVertex(surf, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
v1 = AddVertex(surf, -1, 1, 0, 1, 0)
v2 = AddVertex(surf, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1)
v3 = AddVertex(surf, 1, -1, 0, 0, 1)
AddTriangle surf, v0, v1, v2
AddTriangle surf, v0, v2, v3
If parent Then EntityParent Mesh, parent
If fx Then EntityFX Mesh, fx
If tex Then EntityTexture Mesh, tex
If blend Then EntityBlend Mesh, blend
EntityColor Mesh, r, g, b
EntityAlpha Mesh, a
VertexColor surf, v0, r, g, b, a
VertexColor surf, v1, r, g, b, a
VertexColor surf, v2, r, g, b, a
VertexColor surf, v3, r, g, b, a
ScaleEntity Mesh, Scale, Scale, Scale
Return Mesh
End Function
Function TurnCam(Ent:TEntity, X:Float, Y:Float, Z:Float, Glob:Int = False)
Local Pitch:Float = 0.0
Local Yaw:Float = 0.0
Local Roll:Float = 0.0
Local Quat:TQuaternion = EulerToQuat( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
Local Turn_Quat:TQuaternion = EulerToQuat( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
If Glob=False
Quat = EulerToQuat( EntityPitch( Ent, True ), EntityYaw( Ent, True ), EntityRoll( Ent, True ) )
Turn_Quat = EulerToQuat( X, Y, Z )
Quat = MultiplyQuats( Quat, Turn_Quat )
Quat = NormalizeQuat( Quat )
QuatToEuler2( Quat.x, Quat.y, Quat.z, Quat.w, Pitch, Yaw, Roll )
RotateEntity Ent, Pitch, Yaw, Roll
Else
RotateEntity Ent, EntityPitch( Ent )+X, EntityYaw( Ent )+Y, EntityRoll( Ent )+Z
EndIf
End Function
Function EulerToQuat:TQuaternion(pitch:Float,yaw:Float,roll:Float)
Local cr:Float=Cos(-roll/2.0)
Local cp:Float=Cos(pitch/2.0)
Local cy:Float=Cos(yaw/2.0)
Local sr:Float=Sin(-roll/2.0)
Local sp:Float=Sin(pitch/2.0)
Local sy:Float=Sin(yaw/2.0)
Local cpcy:Float=cp*cy
Local spsy:Float=sp*sy
Local spcy:Float=sp*cy
Local cpsy:Float=cp*sy
Local q:TQuaternion=New TQuaternion
q.w:Float=cr*cpcy+sr*spsy
q.x:Float=sr*cpcy-cr*spsy
q.y:Float=cr*spcy+sr*cpsy
q.z:Float=cr*cpsy-sr*spcy
Return q
End Function
Function QuatToEuler2(x:Float,y:Float,z:Float,w:Float,pitch:Float Var,yaw:Float Var,roll:Float Var)
Local sint:Float=(2.0*w*y)-(2.0*x*z)
Local cost_temp:Float=1.0-(sint*sint)
Local cost:Float
If Abs(cost_temp)>QuatToEulerAccuracy
cost=Sqr(cost_temp)
Else
cost=0.0
EndIf
Local sinv:Float,cosv:Float,sinf:Float,cosf:Float
If Abs(cost)>QuatToEulerAccuracy
sinv=((2.0*y*z)+(2.0*w*x))/cost
cosv=(1.0-(2.0*x*x)-(2.0*y*y))/cost
sinf=((2.0*x*y)+(2.0*w*z))/cost
cosf=(1.0-(2.0*y*y)-(2.0*z*z))/cost
Else
sinv=(2.0*w*x)-(2.0*y*z)
cosv=1.0-(2.0*x*x)-(2.0*z*z)
sinf=0.0
cosf=1.0
EndIf
pitch=ATan2(sint,cost)
yaw=ATan2(sinf,cosf)
roll=-ATan2(sinv,cosv)
End Function
Function MultiplyQuats:TQuaternion(q1:TQuaternion,q2:TQuaternion)
Local q:TQuaternion=New TQuaternion
q.w = q1.w*q2.w - q1.x*q2.x - q1.y*q2.y - q1.z*q2.z
q.x = q1.w*q2.x + q1.x*q2.w + q1.y*q2.z - q1.z*q2.y
q.y = q1.w*q2.y + q1.y*q2.w + q1.z*q2.x - q1.x*q2.z
q.z = q1.w*q2.z + q1.z*q2.w + q1.x*q2.y - q1.y*q2.x
Return q
End Function
Function NormalizeQuat:TQuaternion(q:TQuaternion)
Local uv:Float=Sqr(q.w*q.w+q.x*q.x+q.y*q.y+q.z*q.z)
q.w=q.w/uv
q.x=q.x/uv
q.y=q.y/uv
q.z=q.z/uv
Return q
End Function